Little-known and phylogenetically obscure South African estuarine microgastropods (Mollusca: Truncatelloidea) as living animals

Areas of the Knysna estuarine bay in the Western Cape are dominated by three endemic South African truncatelloid microgastropods, temporarily known as ‘Hydrobia’ knysnaensis (Krauss), ‘Assiminea’ capensis (Sowerby) and ‘Assiminea’ globulus Connolly. Although first described 80–170 years ago and present in abundance (up to 100,000 m^?2), they remain surrounded by confusion and still await taxonomic assignment, largely because they appear most atypical members of their groups by virtue of anatomy and/or biogeography and/or habitat. This study contributes in-life perspectives to morphological and phylogenetic analyses known to be on-going. At Knysna, they are syntopic: at least two occurring in >85% and all three in >40% of individual 0.0026 m² samples from their region of dominance. Nevertheless, they tend to greater abundance in divergent microhabitats; ‘A.’ globulus dominating higher tidal levels, and ‘A.’ capensis and ‘Hydrobia’ lower ones; the former especially unvegetated sediment, the latter, if anything, seagrass. Interspecific feeding interactions appear unlikely to be responsible for these patterns, other evidence suggesting that all are maintained below carrying capacity. Field biology of ‘H.’ knysnaensis generally appears equivalent to that of northern-hemisphere intertidal hydrobiids and that of ‘A.’ globulus is typically assimineid, albeit at atypically low shore height. Unlike assimineids, however, ‘A.’ capensis is truly aquatic. The success of these truncatelloids in unusual circumstances may be consequent on the absence from South Africa of other microgastropod groups that fill their niches elsewhere in the southern hemisphere.     

高速切削技术及工艺新要求

概述高速切削技术的优点及前景展望，结合实际加工中的经验提出了对工艺方法特别是对数控编程的新要求。     

浅谈适龄母猪的饲养管理

针对适龄母猪在妊娠期、分娩期、哺乳期等3个不同的生理阶段的特点。介绍了适龄母猪的饲养管理技术，并对母猪不同症状提出了相应的解决措施。     

The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

颗粒饲料在太原动物园动物饲养中的应用

介绍了颗粒状配合饲料的性状,分析了全价颗粒饲料在饲喂动物中的优势,总结了颗粒饲料加工和使用中应注意的问题。     

小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)食性和食量的研究

小毛足鼠饲喂试验结果以及颊囊食物统计结果表明,该鼠在饲喂条件下食物资源利用谱相对较宽,但在野外条件下食物资源的利用主要以植物种子为主;并结合具体情况探讨了造成野外条件下该鼠食物资源利用范围趋于特化的原因．估算了小毛足鼠的采食效率为０．０７６％～０．１４％．在以上研究基础上,对小毛足鼠的危害与防治问题作了初步分析与说明     

北方山溪鲵与隆肛蛙视网膜显微结构的观察比较

为探讨北方山溪鲵和隆肛蛙视网膜结构与生活习性、捕食方式的关系，用光镜观察了这两种动物视网膜的结构，测量各层厚度、3个核层胞核的层数及胞核直径．结果表明，山溪鲵与隆肛蛙视网膜虽然各核层的层数相似，但隆肛蛙的胞核直径明显小于山溪鲵，致使两种动物在3个核层和2个网层的厚度上存在明显差异．从视网膜结构分析其机能，依赖于视觉捕食的隆肛蛙，视网膜具有较高的视敏度；捕食时以嗅觉为主、视觉为辅的山溪鲵，视网膜则具有较高的光敏度．显示了视网膜结构机能与各自的捕食方式的适应性．     

褐马鸡的养殖现状及其对策

褐马鸡是我国的特有珍稀鸟类.由于各种原因,在某些地区褐马鸡种群数量仍在减少.有关研究人员经过探索、研究,在自然繁殖的基础上,进行人工饲养、繁育,并取得了一定的经验.本文通过对其养殖现状的分析,提出了褐马鸡保护对策,旨在总结出经验和方法,为进一步加强保护工作及人工繁育提供科学依据.     

大眼隐翅虫的生活习性初步研究

大眼隐翅虫Stenus(Stenus,s.str.)sp.隶属鞘翅目Coleoptera、隐翅虫科Staphylinidae、大眼隐翅虫亚科Steninae的大眼隐翅虫属Stenus，喜生活于河流漫滩等潮湿的地方．实验室观察研究发现，该种隐翅虫可捕食同翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目等许多昆虫的幼体及土壤小动物，但不捕食异色飘虫卵及幼虫；并观察了它的捕食量范围及空间异质性、食物数量对捕食量的影响以及避害、取食、运动、种内残杀等行为习性．     

螺旋加料动态定量称重控制方法的研究

提出了一种新型螺旋加料动态定量称重控制方法 .该方法基于自校正预测控制算法 ,采用“先快后慢、最后点动”的动态控制方式 ,从而有效地解决了动态定量称重过程中精度和速度的矛盾 .理论和实验的研究表明 ,该方法对动态在线定量装料、定量包装和称重配料等方面具有广泛的应用潜力